First of all, when everything is going wrong in your life, you should keep in mind that emotions are big fat liars. You feel everything is going south, but it’s not true.

Adversity is often a stepping stone to success. That is if you don’t give up because the cloud of dark emotions discouraged you completely.

A couple of things NOT to do:

1. Don’t focus on what’s wrong

When everything seems to go wrong, you have this unfortunate tendency to focus on what’s wrong. Don’t.

When people practice speed driving, they drive their cars where their sight goes. If they stare at the approaching wall, they invariably steer the car toward the wall, even if they know very well they should turn the wheel and the car.

Your life goes where your attention goes. If you dwell on what’s going wrong, you will only get more bad things and events. New Age believers will tell you that you “attract” negative energy or your quantum vibrations emanate negativity, so positivity has no access to you. They may even be right.

I think the explanation is a bit simpler. Your brain’s primary function is one of a search engine. It absorbs millions and millions of sensual impulses every second and its main job is to segregate this ocean of data so your nervous system and conscious mind can make sense of it.

Bad things and good things are happening all the time in your life. The focus of your conscious mind determines which data your search engine will fish out from the data ocean. The title says it very aptly: it appears everything goes wrong. Positive impulses will be weeded out from your brain’s query, so the end picture will get darker and darker.

2. Don’t beat yourself

Blaming yourself for the situation is a default option. Let’s not philosophize why,  just assume it as an axiom. In your internal dialog you always assume you are the center of the universe, so if anything goes wrong, it must be your fault, right?

You may be even right about this. All in all, most of what you receive in life is the result of your thoughts, words and actions.

But beating yourself won’t improve the situation one bit. It will make it even worse. If you get yourself into the present situation, guess who can take you out of it?
Yes, you. And if you beat up the only person who can get you out of troubles, getting out of troubles is unlikely.

It may be wise to examine how your vices and past stupid decisions brought you to the miserable place you are in now. If you can reflect on the past with an inquiring mind and track down your mistakes, you can figure out eventual solutions.

Sadly, most of us are incapable of such impersonal detachment and we fall into the default mode: beating ourselves up.

If you know you get on that path too easily just don’t go there. It’s a slippery slope and you should attempt a sober reflection only when you are skilled in self-analysis. If your emotions got in the way, don’t even try. There are better ways.

3. Get your personal philosophy straight

I can give you dozens of tips on how to survive tough times, but if you are stuck in a dark place there is no use bombarding you with advice.

You need to know deep in your heart that it is still worth trying to get better. You need to be convinced that hard times are only temporary. And in the end YOU need to implement the advice. Knowledge without implementation is as useless as ignorance.

I went through periods of depression in my life; some of them were relatively mild, others were downright excruciating. I know what it’s like to be unwilling to raise your finger because nothing makes sense and your soul hurts. You need a driving internal power to get you out there. You need reasons to keep trying.

What are your deepest beliefs about hardships? Is it a punishment from God or a trial? Can you see it’s just a passing state of affairs or you feel like you’re closed in the dark room?

If you are a Christian, then I encourage you to turn to God. There are never true “wrong” times in a Christian’s life; everything is under God’s providence.

How does that work? you fear confronting your aspirations….

Being in 21st century, i google my problem,

Social Anxiety disorder also known as social phobia is one of the most common mental disorders.

Here’s how to know if your social silence has gone beyond shyness to a point where you need to see a doctor.

Anyone with social anxiety disorder can experience its effects in different ways. But here are some common situations that people tend to have trouble with:

• Talking to strangers
• Speaking in public
• Making eye contact
• Entering rooms
• Using public restrooms
• Going to parties
• Eating in front of other people
• Going to school or work
• Starting conversations
• Dating

For me, Some of these situations might not be a problem. For example, giving a speech is easy, but eating in-front of others is a major problem.

what you need to know

All socially anxious people have different reasons for dreading certain situations. But in general, it’s an overwhelming fear of:

• Being judged by others in social situations
• Being embarrassed or humiliated — and showing it by blushing, sweating or shaking
• Accidentally offending someone
• Being the center of attention

what we experience

People with social anxiety disorder like me are in a stressful situation, We often experience;

• Rapid heartbeat
• Muscle tension
• Dizziness
• Stomach trouble
• diarrhea
• Inability to catch breath
• “Out-of-body” sensation

In certain situations i may start having symptoms and getting anxious immediately before an event, or you might spend weeks worrying about it.

Afterward, you could spend a lot of time and mental energy worrying about how i acted.

what causes it

Research has shown that there’s no one thing that causes social anxiety disorder. Genetics likely has something to do with it:

If you have a family member with social phobia, you’re more at risk of having it, too. It could also be linked to having an overactive amygdala – the part of the brain that controls your fear response.

During my research i found out that;

Social anxiety disorder usually comes on at around 13 years of age. It can be linked to a history of;

abuse

bullying

teasing

Shy kids are also more likely to become socially anxious adults, as are children with overbearing or controlling parents.

If you develop a health condition that draws attention to your appearance or voice, that could trigger social anxiety, too.

How It Affects Your Life

Social anxiety disorder prevents you from living your life. You’ll avoid situations that most people consider “normal.” You might even have a hard time understanding how others can handle them so easily.

When you avoid all or most social situations, it affects your personal relationships. It can also lead to:

• Low self-esteem
• Negative thoughts
• Depression
• Sensitivity to criticism
• Poor social skills that don’t improve

The most important elements in overcoming social anxiety

1. Having an understanding and awareness of the problem,
2. A commitment to carry through with cognitive behavioral therapy even when it is repetitious and seems difficult.
3. Practice, practice, practice to get that information (i.e., cognitive methods, strategies, and concepts) deep down into your brain – so that these cognitive  methods become habitual and automatic,
4. Participation in a social anxiety therapy group in which you can slowly and gradually work on problems that cause you anxiety in the real world.

Confirmation bias is inclining to understand how new evidence as confirmation of one`s current theories or beliefs.

The term confirmation bias was coined by the English psychologist Peter Wason. He also conducted a study that in the end demonstrated the phenomenon of confirmation bias

How confirmation Bias Works

Confirmation bias is the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

People also tend to interpret ambiguous evidence as supporting their existing position.

There are various common types of bias namely;

• Conformity Bias.
• Beauty Bias.
• Affinity Bias.
• Halo Effect.
• Horns Effect.
• Contrast Effect.
• Attribution Bias.
• Confirmation Bias.

Confirmation bias is important for researchers to be aware of it and also how its effects can be reduced.

How to avoid confirmation bias;

Look for ways to challenge what you think you see.

Seek out information from a range of sources

Use an approach such as the Six Thinking Hats technique to consider situations from multiple perspectives.

Alternatively, discuss your thoughts with others.

• 

Six Thinking Hats Technique

The Six Thinking Hats is a role-playing model presented by Edward de Bono in 1986. It serves as a team-based problem solving and brainstorming technique that can be used to explore problems and solutions and uncover ideas and options that might otherwise be overlooked by a homogeneously thinking group.

Six Thinking Hats or Edward de Bono’s Six Hats is a good decision making technique and method for group discussions and individual thinking. Combined with the parallel thinking process, this technique helps groups think more effectively. It is a means to organize thinking processes in a detailed and cohesive manner.

SIX TYPES OF THINKING SKILLS INCLUDE

Knowledge,

Comprehension,

Application,

Analysis,

Synthesis, and

Evaluation

• 

No matter the kind of leadership in your country, just Note this;

THE ONLY RIGHT AS A HUMAN BEING THAT IS ABSOLUTE IS THE RIGHT TO THINK.

USE IT WISELY

Let’s Challenge each other; (do a confirmation bias)

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njogujameskarugia@gmail.com

• 

Employee motivation and appreciation are known to be an economic factor that ought not to be thought little of. Motivated and appreciated employees accomplish more and in this way bring their company more income.

Motivation and appreciation are unequivocally identified with the responsibility of the employee to the company. An absence of commitment is once in a while unmistakably recognizable.

Not recognizing the hard work of the employees regularly occurs in numerous company nowadays. However, is not getting any motivation and appreciation can prompt low production when it comes to the employee because it is not a good feeling.

As a business owner, giving an employee’s little appreciation goes a long way because encourage them to feel motivated to work even harder. So it is a good thing to perceive and value employees as it is significant for the business and can enable the business to grow.

• 

One bias that affects my research is the lack of motivation in many companies. In other words, little and medium-sized companies which make up most of the economy , have structures that empower them to motivate employees at a low cost.

However, a large portion of them needs compelling techniques. Just the individuals who effectively comprehend motivation as a psychological idea and apply motivating strategies practically speaking can lead their employees and therefore, their company to progress. Motivation can’t be estimated or straightforwardly watched. The idea depicts a condition of being that makes individuals put their strength and time in seeking after a goal. The advanced the motivation, the more probable it is that the individual will move in the direction of the outcome with consistent or expanding strength. Motivation is in this manner the power that triggers behavior and also keeps it on the course

As a researcher and learner confirmation bias has contributed to growth. Because the way that the employee is given appreciation have an impact on how the employee is being motivated. Recognition for the expectations met on schedule, for work done proficiently before the due dates are focuses to be lauded for. Appreciate the worker and make him feel how well he is doing. Evaluate him. Distinguish high performers and notice out their extraordinary contributions, efforts and how they are an important resource for the organization.

Recognition and appreciation are the two significant and main considerations of employee motivation to continue endeavoring towards their objectives at work. They need to aim higher and better to be commended by climbs and increment in pay scales. By acclaiming employees before colleagues and friends, it is the best motivation one can get the opportunity to improve whenever.

BY NJOGU JAMES KARUGIA

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Rousseau affirms that modern states curb the physical freedom that is our claim, and do nothing to verify the civil freedom for which we go into common society. However, man is born into the world free and wherever he is in chains.” The initial sentence of Rousseau’s The Social Contract not just abridges his whole philosophical framework, it additionally demonstrates how significant despite everything he is today. Genuine political expert, he proposes, comes just from a social contract settled upon by all citizens for their shared protection.

Rousseau considers the aggregate grouping of all citizens the “sovereign,” and cases that it ought to be considered from numerous points of view to resemble a unique individual. While every individual has a specific will that goes for his own best advantage, the sovereign communicates the general will that goes for the benefit of everyone. The sovereign just has expert over issues that are of public concern, however in this area its position is total: Rousseau prescribes capital punishment for the individuals who damage the social contract (Anne, 2012).

It was written in 1762, The Social Contract gets where his Treatise on the Basis and origin of Inequality between Men gone off, characterizing the natural man as being happy and free and alive in the forest. Rousseau clarifies how man was able to come from this state of self-rule to the present condition, ruled by unhappiness, inequality, violence, and dependency. There were sure viewpoints to this process as well, he concedes, including the making of families, the disclosure of technology and tools, and the structure of social organizations and cities. Sadly, this likewise offers an approach to what Rousseau called the “right of the strongest”, where a rule of disparity devastates man’s original state of freedom and happiness. Humanity ends up the distance, and the Discourse on Inequality closes despondently as a rule war (Guy, 2012).

“Man is born free and everywhere is in chains.” Eras after that visionary opening sentence, we ought to inquire as to whether we can stand to disregard Rousseau’s cautionary, in a world commanded by flashing cell phones and internet-based life. A man may undeniably be born into the world free, however, in the 21st century, the chains might be much harder to see.

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In October 2013, Banksy a British street artist decided to reveal his artistic work in New York. In 2014, HBO did a documentary featuring Banksy’s art project entitled ‘better out than in’. Using his social media networks Banksy revealed that he would unveil art that he did using his Instagram account by posting places people could view his work all around New York every morning.

The HBO documentary that was directed by Chris Moukarbel. The film showed puppets of farm animals driven and parked in front of butchers and meat markets, Painting that were sold at central park at an estimate of sixty dollars per piece where else the paintings was worth billions of dollars. The film also showed the banality of Evil portraying a man dressed as a NAZI uniform peacefully relaxing and watching over a landscape, which was donated to a charitable thrift shop. The film showed how people searched for Banksy art, the reaction that people showed towards it and how they resonated with it.

What piece of Banksy art in New York struck?

The best piece that impressed me was the painting that were sold at central park at an estimate of sixty dollars per piece where else the paintings was worth billions of dollars. This clearly shows how there is selective pricing in the sale of art. The most interesting thing was that art needs to be appreciated and valued for it symbolizes uniqueness and different perceptions to view an object.

Do many of the viewer’s understand the topic that Banksy put out in the artwork?

Many viewers resonate with the pieces of artwork that Banksy put out. In the film, the topic addressed by Banksy resulted to curiosity and willingness by showing how people searched for his art, the reaction that people showed towards it and how they resonated with it.

Thoughts of Banksy Art chasers.

The fact that people searched for Banksy art, reacted towards his expression and how they resonated with it was a clear indication of how Art chasers are able to relate and thus the search for his work which revealed more of the cultural differences and inequalities that exist in the art world.

In 1971 the movie Raga was produced. It narrated about the life and music of Ravi Shankar. Ravi Shankar was a celebrated musician who used his genre of Indian classical music to see artist embrace the genre. The film shows how Ravi Shankar popularized the Indian instruments in pop music and engaged western music through writing and composition for sitar and orchestra.

The Geography

Ravi Shankar during his youthful age spent his time touring India and Europe as dancer. He was exposed to different contents from different countries. This resulted to have the geographical touch and understanding for music from the west well. In 1956, Ravi Shankar began to tour while playing the classical Indian music. He travelled to Europe and the United States and increased the popularity of his classical genre. In 1960s he was engaged in teaching and performance.

The Ethnography

Ethnography is the description of people’s ideas, social behavior integrated with their customs, habits and mutual differences. During the first scene of the film Ravi Shankar is seen performing his Indian classical music to a large audience of young, people of unconventional appearance who are associated with subculture which involves rejection of values that are deemed unconventional commonly called Hippies.  This showed that he had integrated different cultures and customs which impacted his music.

The Musicology

In the film, Raga, a journey to the soul of India, Ravi Shankar during his performance involved different people from different cultures in his composition. He associated himself with the violinist Yehudi Menuhin. Menuhin was an American violinist whose parents were Jews. He also used George Harrison who was a guitarist for the British group called the Beatles. This helped him gain influence for his Indian instrument in pop music and popularized the classical Indian music.

President Trump tweets and his followers

Twitter is a modern form of communication, microblogging and social media platform used by over three hundred million users. It gives its users the opportunity to report, update and offer information in real time. This platform has been the mode of communication for Donald Trump the president of the United States. He uses the platform to express his thoughts over issues of concern his followers have been for and against his usage for the platform. His twitter handle is @realdonaldtrump, a name that was inspired by Peter Constanzo an author who wanted to promote his book titled ‘think like a champion in March 2009.

Trump Tweets

During President Trump campaign trail, he described the platform as a modern form of communication that gave him visibility to millions of voters who followed him on this social media platform. His presidency is linked with his successful appeal he had to people and the issues they had using twitter. During his interview with CNN he stated that he would use twitter in minimal occasions (CNN, 2016).

The White House, in June 2017 stated that the tweets that President Trump tweeted were official presidential statements and the twitter characters were to be put into government record. The indecent opinions, bullying and racist remarks are considered as the official presidential statement that the president delivers.

Analyzing President Trump Tweets

President Trump Tweet’s previous study reveals a pattern of attacks to people and companies that either oppose his leadership or challenge his presidency.  He has proved that when there is an agenda he wishes to push or iron out he uses twitter as his mode of communication to express his frustration or gratitude. He has used twitter to address internal and external affairs. Some of internal issues include the media, Obama care, witch hunting probe, Respect for the national anthem and the haters and losers who oppose his presidency. For external affairs he has used twitter to range war against North Korea, Russia, Iran nuclear deal, Canada sabotage, Israel capital city among others. This has created mixed reactions among people, creating an uproar, fury and entertainment in equal measure (Vucci, 2018).

Trump tweets and his supporters

The president has consistently attacked news organization and individual reporters who discredit him. He has used this mode of communication to speak directly to his supporters by de-legitimizing the news reported. As for his supporters they are captivated by the entertainment value that consistently appear in the tweets. The tweets have resonate with his supporters and they claim that he has an honest, funny and relatable character.

His tweets have shown sensitivity of the underlying problems that America face. They resonate with majority of Americans who were unable to express themselves in previous regimes. The framing in context may be what makes the difference between statements given by his predecessors.

Conclusion

President Trump has had constant attacks on the media framing them as fake news. He has alternatively used Twitter as the official presidential platform to offer his statement. This is the modern form of communication that gives him visibility to millions and his supporters. His supporters on the other hand they feel a sense of connection between power and their voice. This mode of communication has made his presidency unique and prone to criticism. The most important thing to President Trump is that the message is passed and addressed. This resonates with his supporters who in return see that he has an honest, funny and relatable character which makes him a great leader.

Diabetes

Introduction

Diabetes is defined as a chronic condition that is associated with abnormal sugar levels that are high in the blood. The work of the pancreas is to produce insulin, and the function of the insulin is to lower glucose in the blood. Diabetes is caused when the body lacks the ability to utilize the insulin due to insufficient or lack of the insulin being produced by the pancreas. 

Hypothetical Patient

Peter is fisherman and farmer in the poor rural neighbourhood of India. There are various socioeconomic factors that will determine his health. These factors revolve around employment, education and a constant income. Peter is self-employed and practices fishing as his only source of income. He is uneducated and relies on traditional method of healing that involves spiritual healing and herbs. His salary can only be reliable if he has the energy to go fishing. Peter has been ailing, and his health has been worsening by the day and is taken to the hospital only to be diagnosed and told he has Mellitus diabetes.

1. What is the level of this patient’s income, education, work experience and cultural influences?

There is a perception that decision making for a patient is dictated by their socioeconomic status. This means that when making a concrete decision on their health care, they tend to take medication for granted due to the fact that they are unable to choose the best way to handle the disease.

Level of Peter’s income

In our hypothetical scenario, Peter is a fisherman and lacks a constant income. This means that Peter will be unable to receive the required treatment that is offered in a hospital setting. The interaction with a medical practitioner for monitoring and medical facilitation towards a diabetic patient is always required and failure to access care worsen the situation.

Level of Education and work experience

Our hypothetical patient Peter lacks a basic education having been born in the early 70’s he found a woman to get married to and could not continue with his education for the dowry presented to the father could not be compared to going to school. Lack of education influences one’s approach to issues of health and better feeding habits that may reduce and facilitate the production of insulin and its usage to the body. Education plays an integral part in ensuring that a patient understands his/her condition better.  The patient has worked in this field all his entire life. Peter inherited all the skills from his father. His experience over the years makes him an experienced person in the field. He is not exposed to other forms of trade and types of work. This will mean that inability to undertake his duty will result in lack of an income which will affect his socio-economic ability.

Cultural Influences

Having been paid for dowry at an early age, his ability to pursue a good education was limited, and the level of education he had received did not guarantee him a good position and an experienced workforce. He indeed acquired an informal education on ways of fishing and in which he has experienced to date. His condition limits his ability to relate to changing body demands. It is common that when uneducated people experience something that cannot be understood, they turn to cultural and spiritual defence. Cultural influence will determine his approach towards handling his diabetic condition (Zhang, 2012). 

Chronic diseases are associated with the presence of low socioeconomic status among patients, and this may increase further increase in his ability to receive better health care and not turn to cultural medication to find solutions to a condition that a cultural practice is unable to understand.  

• How might their socioeconomic factor influence his ability to access the necessary healthcare?

Socioeconomic can be identified in two cohorts. The first cohort is that which involves foot problems and secondly, the group that lacks foot problems. Cellulitis, septic arthritis, ulcers and Charcot joint disease are examples of diabetic problems that cause the cohort of foot problems. When a patient is undergoing any of the groups, there is an increased disability level, health care costs which are high and the lifespan of a patient reduces (Long, 2019).

• How can the patient engage in self-care practices, such as modifying diet and exercise and understand the nature of illness, treatment and prognosis?

Peter, our hypothetical patient, may engage in self-care practices like the change in diet and exercise. Mellitus diabetes is a progressive disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficiency of insulin in the body. There is a need for Peter to access self-care practices that enable him to prevent complication and limit disability and rehabilitation. When dealing with Mellitus diabetes, there are various behaviours that need to be considered namely; healthy eating, physical activity and exercise, ensuring that the blood sugar is tested, the medication intake must be checked and reduce risk behaviours. The above practices help in the reduction and ensure that the quality of life is improved. The self-care practices suppress and reduce complications and have shown to impact the patient have in a positive way. Socioeconomic factors and social support for clinical practitioners have always been considered as vital self-care practices that enable a patient to receive the best medical care and will allow him/her to suppress the condition.

• What healthcare services for this disease does the patient has access to?

Preventive care practices and diabetic control is what Peter requires to enable him either delay or prevent further complication of the diabetic condition. Preventive care and diabetic control will be determined by the health care access that he receives. When accessing healthcare, multiple diabetes outcomes are evident. When he undertakes self-care practice control in the blood sugar becomes controlled with a high chance of glycemic control (Zhang, 2012).

Conclusion

Compliance of the self-care activity has been found to be low. Majority of people lack the socioeconomic power to fight the diabetic battle. However, when there is a demographic socioeconomic and social support, diabetic patients can receive the best medical and self-care there is. The emphasis of clinics that offer self-care irrespective of one’s educational, financial background. For Peter to access self-care practices that enable him to prevent complication and limit disability and rehabilitation he will need to ensure that as much he uses traditional methods in trying to suppress the condition it must be in accordance to the doctor’s prescription. When dealing with Mellitus diabetes or any other disease, there are various behaviours that need to be considered namely; healthy eating, physical activity and exercise, ensuring that the blood sugar is tested, the medication intake must be checked and reduce risk behaviours (Long, 2019).