1. Read the opinions in United States v. Whorley, 550 F. 3d 326 (4th Cir. 2008) and United States v. Kilbride, 534 F. 3d 1240 (9th Cir. 2009). Then consider these two rulings in light of the Supreme Court’s 2003 opinion in Lawrence v. Texas. Are obscenity laws still constitutional in light of the Court’s opinion in Lawrence?

United States V Whorley, 550 F. 3d 326 (4^th Cir. 2008) the court held that the definition of child pornography is found in the Pornography prevention Act of 1996. The acts speaks of depictions which include virtual child pornography which is computer generated. The court rejected the government claim on the kind of pornography which can be said to cause harm through creation of unquantified potential for criminal liability. It further explained that the government does not have the power to premise legislation with the intention of controlling the thoughts of people.

United States V Kilbride, 534 F. 3d 1240 (9^th Cir. 2009) the court of appeal in this matter rejected an appeal from two convicts who were found guilty of violating the CAN SPAM Acts and the United States obscenity law. They were appealing their conviction for the counts of distributing pornographic spam by use of email services. Judge Fletcher argues that the ninth circuit proposal gave new guideline. In the Eleventh circuit court the idea of standard community on a national level was rejected when compared to a local one.

Lawrence v. Texas the facts of this case are that John Lawrence was arrested along with a partner at his apartment in Texas. The sheriff had found them engaging in sexual intercourse after a friend made a call to the police claiming that an armed man was seen at Lawrence’s house. Both were charged under anti-sodomy law and they appealed the matter. The Fourteenth Court of appeal in Texas held that the sodomy law was unconstitutional. The question of obscenity law in this case is clear. My opinion that in the case of Lawrence V Texas obscenity laws cannot be termed as constitutional right since there is an overriding law that nullifies the constitutionality of the said law.

KNOW YOUR RIGHTS WHEN USING FIGHTING WORDS

1. Chaplinsky Case- Chaplinsky V. New Hampshire

Introduction

Walter Chaplinsky, a Jehovah Witness follower had put a pulpit in the streets of Rochester. His sermon was insulting other religions calling them ‘racket’. A large crowd began to gather blocking the road and causing a scene. When the police arrived, Chaplinsky was taken to the police headquarters but when he saw the town marshal, he verbally attacked him saying, ‘You are a God-damned racketeer’. The Town marshal had previously warned him to avoid causing commotion and during his hearing, he admitted to have used the words and was charged under the New Hampshire law (Chapter. 378, para 2 of the New Hampshire public laws) which stated that it was unlawful to address any offensive, derisive or annoying words to someone who is legally undertaking his/her a duty or minding his own business. He appealed on claims that the law was vague and infringed on his first amendment and fourteenth amendment right to free speech.

1. Do you think that the language used by Chaplinsky should be subject to governmental regulation? Why or Why-not?

Yes. I feel that that the language used is subject to governmental regulation. Why? The first amendment does not protect the right of speech if the speech itself inflict injury or may incite emotions that may result to breach of peace. The Supreme Court also emphases on the right of speech by giving a definition that fighting words cannot be termed as freedoms of expression.

• Do you believe that all manner of speech should be protected by the First Amendment? If not, what limits would you put on such protections?

No. I do not agree that all manner of speech should be protected by the First Amendment. The limits I would put is to ensure that any utterances that inflicts emotions should not be protected. All forms of threats should be discouraged since threatening acts may result to violence and more so utterances that are made to demine a persons on basis of race, religion or sexuality should never be encouraged.

• What are ‘fighting words’? Why aren’t they protected by the First Amendment?

Fighting words are utterances or writings that express insults to someone’s ethnic, racial or sexual orientation. Why aren’t they protected? The First Amendment does not protect the use of ‘fighting words’ because they could incite violence and lead to animosity for they breach the peace.

Abortion Law in Florida

Introduction

In the case of Roe V Wade, the Supreme Court of the United States was grappling with the question of whether states have the right of regulating women’s constitutional rights. The landmark case which was decided in 1973 the court ruled that a state could not ban abortion before the period a fetus could survive out of the uterus. Restrictions on abortion are meant to protect life and the health of the mother (Weiss, 2019).

My discovery on Florida abortion laws

On 1^st May 2018, the state of Florida enacted restrictions on abortion. The laws addressed the question of health plans that were being offered it ought to be compliant with the Affordable Care Act and covered abortion if the woman’s life was endangered. The act also permitted abortion where cases of rape or incest were reported. Another restriction was notification must be issued to the parent of the minor and public funding was eligible only to cases of rape, incest and where the life of the mother was endangered. Lastly, an ultrasound was to be conducted and the provider was issued with an image to view before abortion was performed (Jones, 2019).

In January 2019 the Republican Representative Mike Hill of Pensacola filed a new bill in the Florida Legislature proposed to ban abortion upon a heartbeat was detected. He criminalized the act of abortion and anyone liable would face a third-degree felony. The bill also proposed to redefine a fetus as an unborn human who underwent a gestation period from fertilization to the date of birth. This proposed change has been subject to a lot of criticism. In the case of State Rep. Anna V Eskamani of Pensacola the court held that any decision concerning a woman’s pregnancy should be left entirely to the woman, her family, the doctor involved and the religious believes she subscribes to and politicians shouldn’t be allowed to make decisions for individuals.

My personal Stance

Abortion is a moral issue that concerns the beginning of person and the rights that a fetus has over the rights women have over their body. As for me, I am purely against abortion from the commencement of the fetus. I consider myself a pro-life meaning that I put emphasis on the rights that an embryo has from gestation to birth. My ethical entanglement might impact my work with clients taking into consideration of my professional as a social worker. Other jurisdictions have argued the topic by defining a fetus as a person with special circumstances and exist within the body of another, and its survival is subject to the decision of another.

As a social worker, my behaviors should be as a result of my commitment to engaging in ethical practices. Social workers code of ethics is guided by the obligation to uphold values that are professional and ethical (Jones, 2019).

Conclusion

Ethical and professionalism are guided by principles that are stipulated in the code of conduct. Where abortion is involved the question of moral arises. As a pro-life, I am a firm believer that a fetus is a human being and ought to be treated as it. However there are exemptions to this, the Affordable Care Act allows abortion in instances where the woman’s life was endangered and failure to terminate the pregnancy might lead to the death of the mother. The act also permitted abortion where cases of rape or incest were reported and accompanied by a police report. It is only in these three instances that I feel an entitlement for conducting the act. More so, the three scenarios have never been subject to dispute (Weiss, 2019).

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Quadrennial Homeland Security Review

Introduction

The Homeland Security department partnership with private and public sectors, territorial government and NGO publishes the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review (QHSR) after four years and is reviewed by the Congress (Reese, 2014).

1. Can you identify any additional key drivers of risk that should appear in the 2018 QHSR to Congress?

The 2018 Quadrennial Homeland Security has some additional vital drivers that will ensure that the interests of the United States prevail. The review should address how enforcement and administration of immigration laws can be tackled and the policies that need to be implemented by safeguarding human dignity and resources of the United States. The Quadrennial Homeland Security of 2018 key drivers that appear is preparedness of the federal response assets, infrastructure and implementation of a budget plan on the issues that threaten the peace and stability of the United States (Congress, 2018). 

• Review the 2014 Strategic Priorities for Homeland Security. Identify a priority and discuss if you think it was successfully achieved to protect the country in the last four years?

The strategic priorities highlighted in the 2014 QHSR focuses on the interests of the United States on transportation sector by ensuring that targets kept are persistent, increasing the risk of critical infrastructure caused by the growing cyber-attacks and biological concerns. The report also focused on nuclear terrorism by introducing the use of improved nuclear devices to neutralise possible attacks. The 2014 QHSR report gave ways of tackling transnational organisations that dealt with criminal activity and focused on natural hazards (Homeland, 2014).

The 2014 QHSR, in my opinion, has the potential to protect the United States successfully. The threat posed by different sectors needs to be addressed through the implementation of the National Preparedness system that will build resilient communities with the required funding.

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Ethical and non-ethical Journalism

Introduction

Ethical Journalism is based on principles of truth and accuracy, fairness, humanity, integrity, independence and accountability. However, the society demands the above principles and act as their foundation towards tackling any given issue.  Non-ethical journalism refers to lack of adherence towards the stipulated principles that guide journalism. All ethics and standards in journalism are guided by principles of ethics (Ethical Journalism, 2018).

Facts of Ethical Journalism

Ethical journalism must fulfill various tests namely; seeking out, reporting on an issue, the truth on any given matter regardless of the situation. The truth however must be proved by ensuring that the facts presented are to the best knowledge of the interviewed. Ethical journalism offer accurate information by conducting research which is independent from a credible and verifiable source.

Facts of non-ethical Journalism

Non ethical or unethical journalism refers to reporting of a story that lacks verified facts which are neither independent nor accountable. Non ethical journalism do not follow the code of ethics that guide the profession and is not guided by any principle and lacks independence.

However it becomes hard to draw the line between ethical and non-ethical journalism when culture, legal hindrance when reporting certain stories and independence of the story. Questions on journalism ethics and trauma have when covering stories of people suffering from trauma for journalist covering war and conflict in various areas. It becomes hard to authenticate women who had been taken as hostage, raped and may be tortured (Emanuel, 2018).

Conclusion

Ethics and standards in journalism are guided by principles of ethics. This principles include; truth and accuracy, fairness, humanity, integrity, independence and accountability. If the rules or the principles stipulated in the code of ethics are not followed the reporting is termed as unethical or non-ethical.

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Limiting Agency Power

Introduction

On Wednesday, March 27, 2019, the supreme court of the United States conservative judges set out to express doubts if the Courts would allow agencies to interpret their laws and the impact it would have towards President Donald Trump’s agenda of curbing agency power (Mayne, 2019). In the case of James Kisor V Wilkie (Docket 18-15), the Appellant was a veteran marine who served in the Vietnam War under the Operation Harvest Moon Corps. In 1982, the appellant developed post-traumatic stress disorder abbreviated as PTSD as a result of his service in the War. As a result, he went to seek disability benefits from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs abbreviated as VA. The VA review his requested and disagreed that he had PTSD and hence denied him disability benefits. In 2006, Kisor appealed the decision giving more documentation that included his service record in the Vietnam War. The Veteran Affairs department granted him benefits but would not be backdated to 1982 but would start in 2006. The VA arguments were that the information was irrelevant to his 1982 request (Liptak 2019). 

The Supreme Court Judge Justice Brett Kavanaugh during the hearing of the matter stated the legal doctrine of Auer deference which stipulates that judges may a time take positions with an agency even if it is not the right call in regards to the regulations within the agency(Mayne, 2019). James Kisor appeal was based on the grounds that justices should get rid of the doctrine of Auer deference for the courts have the power to determine disputes and resolve agency regulations. Majority of businesses and conservative groups have often complained of administrative state towards the authority of federal agencies (Liptak 2019).

How the topic relates to this class

President Donald Trump administration has always enacted policies that are hostile and interfere with agencies that may deal with environmental protection, financial services, and industries. Most notably, agencies have accumulated power as a result of judicial deference through the issuance of regulations that are unclear and give orders to enforce them according to the agencies preference. The Supreme Court Judges have often referred to the Marbury V Madison, 5 U.S. (1Cranch) 137 (1803) case. The Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review in the United States. This means that the American Courts had the power to challenge statutes and other government actions that were not inconsistent with the United States Constitution. The Marbury case termed the constitution as the actual law which separated the mandate of the executive and the judiciary from statements of political principle and believes (Chung 2019).

Why I picked this topic

The topic highlights issues that need to be discussed in-depth. During the Kisor case, the solicitor general highlighted essential functions that enabled the legal doctrine of Auer deference. In his defense, Mr. Francisco stated that agency power on it regulations promoted national uniformity which was predictable and politically it could be accountable. This means that if an agency had various rulings to which they could interpret their decisions, then the question of accountability would arise for each agency would not have a unifying factor (American, 2018).

My Feelings towards the topic

I feel that United State Supreme Court has unlimited power in discussing and determining cases. In relation to this topic, the question of whether the Supreme Court has the power in limiting agency power arises in day to day politics. President Donald Trump leadership tends to restrict the powers agencies have. In the case of Bowles V Seminole Rock and Sand Co. in 1945 the court determined the principle of judicial review referred to as judicial deference (Liptak 2019). The case highlighted how the federal courts deferred with an administrative agency in the integration of the set laws.

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Characteristics of Outstanding American Leaders

1. Stand out through their individual achievements. They love to compete, win, and leave a personal legacy. They assert themselves through the force of their personality and/or convictions and lead by example.

Abraham Lincoln was the 16^th president of the United States. He was born in a poor family in Kentucky and Self-educated himself to become a lawyer, state legislator and congressman. He later left government to concentrate on law practice, but when the Democrats began to open the prairie lands to slavery, Abraham Lincoln was agitated by this. In 1854, he reentered politics and became the new Republican Party leader and vied for the presidency in 1860 and won. During his tenure as president, he abolished slavery, restored and preserved the union and strengthened the federal government and the United States economy. Abraham Lincoln led by example and could not stand to watch slavery being conducted. He had the conviction of ending slavery and ensuring that equality among people of a different race was upheld.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-Lincoln

• Inspire through their optimism, can-do mentality, and energy. They appeal to the good in people and bring out the best in them. They are comfortable exerting their influence on others.

These attributes are well reflected in Vincent Thomas Lombardi, an American football player, coach and the National Football League abbreviated as NFL executive. He inspired many through his optimism and can-do mentality. In 1960, he took over the Green Bay Packers as the head coach and in seven years he lead the team to three straight and five total in the National Football Championships. There is no previous coach who had attained such success, and in addition, he won two Super Bowls at the end of 1966-1967 National Football League Seasons. This remarkable success made him be regarded as the greatest coach in football history and was named as the greatest coach and leader in the history of any American sport. His success not only brought good in people but exerted confidence and influence on others to achieve similar success.

Source: https://www.biography.com/people/vince-lombardi-9385362

• Stand up for their beliefs. They stay true to themselves and are authentic and straight forward. They can be trusted. They remain calm under pressure, can laugh at themselves, and may show great humility.

These features are well demonstrated in the life of Thomas Watson, an author, preacher who never conformed to the governance and usage established by the Church of England. Thomas Watson was educated in Cambridge and noted for the intensive study he conducted. In 1646, he began a pastorate course for sixteen years. During the Civil War he illustrated a strong Presbyterian view on issues while he worked for the king, but in 1651 he was imprisoned for recalling King Charles of England. Watson was later released in 1952 and was reinstated as a vicar. His teachings and preachings brought popularity and fame but was later removed from the role for the allegations of nonconformity. He however never stopped preaching but conducted his sermons secretly when he got the opportunity to do so. In 1672 Watson obtained a license to preach In Crosby House. The characteristics illustrated a man who could be trusted and full of humility towards his stand. 

Source: https://banneroftruth.org/us/about/banner-authors/thomas-watson/

• Focus their efforts. They have an achievable vision, which they pursue against all the odds and distractions. They communicate their vision frequently and are able to articulate it to a wide range of different audiences.

Martin Luther King Jr was a Baptist minister, a vocal activist and a leader of the Civil Rights Movement. Martin Luther is known for advocating for non-violence and civil disobedience. In 1954 he led a Montgomery bus boycott with the agenda of advancing civil rights. In 1957 Martin Luther became the first president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. As the president, he led different movements that articulated to a range of people from a different ethnic background. An example is the Struggle against segregation of 1962 where he organized protests in Georgia, Alabama, and Washington. Martin Luther King is well known for his famous speech; I have a dream. 

Source: https://www.bbc.com/timelines/z86tn39

• Strive for excellence in their and others’ performance. They love challenges and “go the extra mile.” They set measurable outcomes, improve on them, and execute efficiently.

These attributes are reflected in the life of Steve Jobs. Jobs was born in 1955 in Francisco state of California and given up for adoption. After graduation from high school in 1972, he attended the Reeds College but dropped out to visit India and study Eastern religion. In 1975 Steve joined Homebrew computer club. He was fascinated with the marketing potential of the computer they built at the club, and in 1976 they formed a company selling scientific calculators and Volkswagen bus. This new venture was referred to as Apply Computer Company. Steve Jobs set measurable outcomes by self-funding his Apple dream, and this helped him execute his plan efficiently.

Source: https://www.thebalancecareers.com/steve-jobs-biography-and-legacy-2071504

• Seek change. They are comfortable with taking risks and making mistakes. They learn from failures and are innovative and flexible. They define challenges as opportunities.

These attributes are reflected by Steve Jobs. He dropped out from Reeds College to study Eastern religion. This enabled him to have a different understanding of believes that existed within people and how these beliefs could be used to penetrate different markets in the world. His encounter with various denomination resulted in his fascination in the marketing of the product they had built.

Source:  https://www.thebalancecareers.com/steve-jobs-biography-and-legacy-2071504

• Act quickly. They exude a sense of urgency and are driven to act. They are decisive and forceful. They prefer swift and approximate over slow and deliberate decisions.

These attributes are visible in the life of Abraham Lincoln. He was agitated when the Democrats began to open the prairie lands to slavery. He was swift in his decision and had a purpose towards the eradication of slavery in the United States. He was deliberate in his decision to run for the presidency with a common goal.

Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abraham-Lincoln

• Promote team spirit. They stress the need to work and succeed together. They communicate team goals and clarify everyone’s roles and contributions. They instill pride in the team

These attributes are evident in Martin Luther King Jr. King is known to have advocated for non-violence and civil disobedience by leading boycotts and peaceful demonstration with the agenda of advancing civil rights. He brought people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds and gave them a reason why people deserve to be treated better and equal. He instilled confidence in the black community with his proverbial speech of ‘I have a dream.’

Source: https://www.bbc.com/timelines/z86tn39

• Encourage participation. They seek input from others and are open to suggestions. They stress informality and create a supportive work environment. They build on people’s intrinsic motivations and delegate.

These attributes are well reflected in Vincent Thomas Lombardi. His success made him be regarded as the greatest coach in football history and was named as the greatest coach and leader in the history of any American sport. This made possible by creating a supportive work environment to nature success. His success was built on his player’s intrinsic motivation and change of mentality.

Source: https://www.biography.com/people/vince-lombardi-9385362

1. Care about people. They respect the inherent humanity and dignity of each person. They feel compassion for others and assist them when needed. They encourage and support others to realize their unique potential and strive to serve the greater good.

These attributes were well reflected in the life of Thomas Watson. His rebellious attitude as an author, preacher, never conformed to the governance and usage established by the Church of England. As a resulted he was arrested but he continued preaching and advocating for the equality which was unacceptable by then. He encouraged his congregation to strive to do good irrespective of the challenges that existed.

Source: https://banneroftruth.org/us/about/banner-authors/thomas-watson/

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Situational and Organizational Leadership Theory

Case Scenario

I am a new top-level executive in a midsized corporation, and I have noted that the leadership culture in the corporation has been ineffective and as a result has lowered the morale of the employees. I have decided to discuss the issue of changing the leadership culture with the managers and supervisors within the organization.

1. Explain why situational leadership theory is useful and relevant in developing an effective leadership culture.

Situational leadership is pertinent in elaborating an effective leadership culture where the leader of the organization becomes flexible in pursuing various styles of leading his/her staff towards achieving the intended success. This mode of leadership gives the leader a free space to adapt and make changes towards the leadership style that has long existed at no specific time. According to Ken Blanchard a theorist, he differentiated the difference between leadership before and now. His theory was that back then, the leader was seen as the source of authority but today, leaders cannot lead without the assistant of other employees and termed this as positional power kind of leadership.

The primary purpose of situational leadership within an organization is to develop the staff members and the groups working for the leader. It also establishes a rapport and is intended to bring out the best in people, and lastly, situational leadership can be used in all units with an organization irrespective of the status the company has be it local or startups, national corporations and international organizations (Grint, 2011).

Situational theories examine the relationship between the leader and the environment. It equips leaders with the power to adjust their decision-making, motivation approaches, and orientation skills by combining the characteristics of employees with the type of work they undertake to personal preference. The elements that situational control dictates include task structure that entails questions of whether an organization has an unstructured system or highly structured setup. Another aspect is the relationship that exists within the leader and the servant. This element involves dependency and support that the manager receives from his employees.

Situational Leadership is fundamentally important in the engagement of employees within an organization. As emphasized in meeting the best practices, leaders need to amplify engagement as a priority in the betterment of the organization. The method or conduct depicted by the leader should show a need for engagement and mandates leaders to demonstrate service through their words and actions. On the same note, situational leadership requires an upgraded leadership format that is based on the competence of the leaders within an organization (Macleod, 2018). Similarly, there ought to be training programs that for the enchantment of competence. Employee engagement too can be improved by rolling out training programs and strategies that upgrade the welfare of the employee towards service delivery.

Evidently, situation leadership theory is useful for it enhances communication as a tool that improves engagement. Organizations should develop accurate information that helps its employees to offer better services to their clients. A good communication platform yields to better customer satisfaction and more profit margins. Any organization that seeks to improve its employee engagement need to include the employees on the decision making of critical company strategies. Organizations with a platform where employees can post their ideas and the leaders of the organization give a head start in all of its undertakings. Organizational success can be measured by the situational leadership theory within their operations (Koshiken, 2015).

• Describe the three theories of situational leadership and what you consider to be the strengths and weaknesses of each theory when leading staff in the organizational environment.

There are a number of theories that have highlighted both strengths and weakness situational leadership one of them being the Goleman Theory on situational leadership, which was formulated by Daniel Goleman, the author of Emotional Intelligence. His writing defined six styles that exist within situational leadership. The first was coaching leader’s style, which is applied to people who work on the development of their skills. This kind of style is applicable to people who understand their strengths and weaknesses and are open to change. Another style is the pacesetting leaders. This is applicable to people who set a high expectation for their employees. This style works well to highly motivated individual and it entails the leader leading by example. However, one weakness of this style is that it may lead to burnout.

The Democratic leader’s style entails the leader giving his/her servants the opportunity to vote in all decision pertaining the organization. This style builds flexibility and responsibility towards the employee, but it is not the best for its time-consuming. An organization may also use the affiliate leader’s style. This mode of leadership is application when the morale of the employees is slow. It is intended to build confidence and increase performance that may yield better results. Lastly, we have the authoritative leader’s style where the leader allows his/her employees to find solutions and solve an underlying problem that exists in an organization (Thomas, 2018).

The second theory is the Hersey and Blanchard’s leadership theory. This organizational leadership theory was delivered by Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard. It has a unique approach towards leadership and suggests that good management is influenced by the leadership style used to run an organization and secondly, the level of maturity and preparedness that the leader has to take up his/her role (Cliff Notes, 2016). This theory identifies different leadership approaches namely; telling, selling, participating and delegating. For an effective approach, the leader possess the power to authoritatively tell the employees what to do while participating approach is termed as an act where the team member and the leader make a decision together. However the delegating approach appeal to me more for enables the leader to assign duties to an employee who will oversee work and how it’s being conducted. This not only creates confidence but gives a sense of ownership to the employees.

The last theory is the normative decision theory that was formulated by Vroom and Yetton. It acts as a guide in determining the time required and the group input towards a decision. This theory brings out the various options a leader has towards running and managing an organization. The theory identifies at least four ways towards making a decision. A leader can decide by himself or he/she can also use the information given to him/her by an employee to make a decision and lastly he/she could consult the team members individually or as a group and seek advice before making the a decision. (McCleskey, 2014).

Strengths and weakness of situational leadership theory

The Goleman theory emphasis on a democratic style of leadership where servants get opportunity to vote in all decision pertaining the organization. This style builds flexibility and responsibility towards the employee, but it is not the best for its time-consuming and more so, some employee may interpret this as incompetence in the part of the leader. In my opinion, unlimited democracy within an organization results into lack of confidence on the competence of the management. As for the Hersey and Blanchard’s leadership theory, employees have a sense of belonging and ownership towards the organization. An example is a delegating approach which enables a leader to assign duties to an employee who will oversee work and how it’s being conducted. This theory is meant to strengthen employee confidence and give a sense of ownership towards the organization. Lastly, the normative decision theory gives a leader the power to make decisions based on his approach towards things. However, some decision rendered may not be right and possess a challenge to leaders on the kind of leadership skills that they own however, every organization has a different approach depending on the field of operation. (Cliff Notes, 2016). 

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J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban essay

Harry Potter books have often described magical people and how people exist in the magical world through imaginative fiction stories like the existence of a wizard. The books Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban draws a thin line between fantasy and the real world. The occurrence in the book is from Harry’s thirteen birthday when he receives gifts from his friends at school through the Owl mail. The following morning news of a man named Black who escapes from captivity emerges. At the same time at the Dursleys residence where Harry lives, Aunt Marge arrives (Rivera, Hector, 2018).

Harry dislikes her for she constantly insults him over his parent’s death. By accident, Harry inflates her, and luckily he is able to leave the Dursleys house. Harry Potter decides to travel to Diagon Alley for three weeks before school resumes. It’s at the Diagon Alley that he meets Ron and Hermione with whom they become good friends. At this point, you realize that the power to handle situations is dependent on past encounters. Harry has always known the Dursley to be his mother, sister, and brother but when Aunt Marge arrives he constantly insult him over painful experiences of losing his parents, but he is able to manage the situation well by always disassociating himself with negative energy (Sims, Andrew, 2018).

During his stay at Diagon Alley, he gets to learn more about Sirius Black the convicted murderer who escaped from prison. As they are boarding the train while returning to school the scary guards of Azkaban enter the train too searching for Sirius Black (Rivera, Hector, 2018). The Dementors presence make Harry feel and hear his parent’s death at the hands of Voldemort’s. This feeling becomes unbearable for Harry, and he suddenly collapses. Luckily, he is assisted by Remus Lupin who arrives together with the Dark Arts teacher to recover consciousness. For Harry’s friends, George and Fred they had long wished to visit Hagsmeade but were unable to. They decided to hand a Marauders map to Harry with hidden details on how he would pass Hogwarts and a contact person at the area in case he encountered any challenges.

Harry makes the desperate journey to visits Hogsmeade. It’s during his stay that he learns that Sirius Black was a close family friend and godfather to him. However, he betrayed him and his parents by giving access to Voldemort when Harry’s parents were killed. Peter Pettigrew was a friend to Harry and had witnessed the killing of thirteen Muggles by Sirius Black (Sims, Andrew, 2018). At this point, we identify the purpose of friendship. His friends sacrifice to ensure that he achieves the goal of finding the truth by giving him secret details that enable him to have the upper hand over his enemies. After he collapsed while in the train he is able to receive help, avoid his capture and reaches Hagsmeade. Harry possess qualities of unity and friendship. This features assist him in getting information over his past and where to receive it.

A rift was rooming between Ron and Hermione over Hermione’s cat. Ron believes that Crooks shanks ate his cat, Scabbers and as a result, their friendship began to dwindle. As Christmas approached Harry receives a late model firebolt broom as a gift, but Hermione reports the incident to McGonagall for he fears that the gift might be cursed. Later in the book we see Harry friends getting a lead outside a confidential shack over a scream that they hear. They are able to confront Sirius while in the shark. He was accused of killing Harry’s mum, and Dad and they had tried to capture him. Sirius tried to explain to Harry and his friends, but out of anger and rage, he was unable to get through him and give him the truth. Surprise visitors help to convince Harry that indeed Sirius did not commit the offense and he slowly realizes the truth and all the pain and anger towards Sirius changed (Rivera, Hector, 2018).

At this point, it is clear that there are three sides of a coin. For so long Harry had been convinced that, but in his defense, Sirius stated that he was triked that he was partly responsible for the death of Harry’s mum and dad. The book is based on the quest that Harry has to follow in ensuring that he finds Sirius and exposing the truth. It is at this point that, Sirius receive a connection with Harry and they live exposing the truth until his death in the 5^th novel (The Guardian, 2015).

In conclusion, the book Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban bring out different aspects that are applicable in our day to day lives. We are always held back by pain and suffering over allegations heard and without the correct information we often judge people out of hearsay and personal feelings. J.K Rowling has brought out various theme by putting meaning behind names and characters. It is evident that the use of Dark Arts teacher Lupin is a dedicated teacher who spends most of his time but has the dark side where he is a werewolf. This is evident where Sirius is declared innocent when everyone thought he was guilty of murdering the thirteen Muggles (The Guardian, 2015).

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